Call Convention In X64 – Microsoft 365 Call Convention
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A calling convention is a standardized contract about how to invoke functions. Having a calling convention allows code generated by different compilers and languages to interoperate. Since
The 64 bit x86 C Calling Convention
For information on calling conventions for x64 processors, see Calling Convention. Topics in this section. Argument Passing and Naming Conventions (__cdecl, __stdcall,
A calling convention is an implementation scheme, or consensus, for how functions receive parameters from their caller, and how the return the result. Calling conventions are part of the
The x64 Application Binary Interface (ABI) uses a four register fast-call calling convention by defaultThere is a strict one-to-one correspondence between the arguments to
As far as I am aware there is no explicit convention for passing a this pointer. Since it is passed into the function as a hidden additional argument, it will be passed using the convention for
Fig 4— Assembly language equivalent for add() when it uses __stdcall calling convention. Notice the difference in RET instruction. Since it uses __cdecl convention, the
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In this article I will cover how the calling convention has changed for 64-bit Windows. Note that while this is very similar to the 64-bit calling conventions used in other environments, notably
x64 calling conventions. Two important differences between x86 and x64 are: 64-bit addressing capability; Sixteen 64-bit registers for general use. Given the expanded register set,
Where does `this` go in a x64 thiscall?
(Windows x64 only uses 2 conventions: the normal one That’s a calling convention that WinAPI functions need to be called properly. A calling convention is a set of
Microsoft FY25 Third Quarter Earnings Conference Call. Jonathan Neilson, Satya Nadella, Amy Hood. Wednesday April 30, 2025. JONATHAN NEILSON: Good afternoon and
Place the __cdecl modifier before a variable or a function name. Because the C naming and calling conventions are the default, the only time you must use __cdecl in x86
this is due to a calling convention in x64 which requires the stack to be 16 bytes aligned before any call instruction. This is not (to my knwoledge) a hardware requirement but a
The __fastcall keyword is accepted and ignored by the compilers that target ARM and x64 architectures; on an x64 chip, by convention, the first four arguments are passed in
Nice perspective on the politics. I agree that it’s not AMD’s fault or responsibility. I blame Microsoft for choosing a worse calling convention. If their calling convention had turned out to be better,
For information about the default calling conventions in code that targets x64 platforms, see x64 Calling Convention. For information about calling convention issues in code
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I saw in several places that Microsoft calling conventions for x64 platforms were narrowed down to just one: Caller cleans stack (cdecl), and parameters are passed in a combination of stack and
In diesem Abschnitt werden die Standardprozesse und -konventionen beschrieben, die eine Funktion (Aufrufer) für Aufrufe in eine andere Funktion (Aufgerufener) in x64-Code
Note that the Windows x64 function calling convention has multiple significant differences from x86-64 System V, like shadow space that must be reserved by the caller (instead of a red
the function argument is passed in rdi, as per the x86-64 System V calling convention. register rbx must not be modified by a function ; GCC saves/restores it as required,
The __stdcall calling convention is used to call Win32 API functions. The callee cleans the stack, On ARM and x64 processors, __stdcall is accepted and ignored by the

64-bit Windows uses the fast-call (__fastcall) calling convention. It operates using registers for the first four arguments, and the stack frame for any additional arguments. The first four integer or pointer arguments (if they exist) are passed
2 CHAPTER 1. THE 64 BIT X86 C CALLING CONVENTION 1.2 The C Calling Convention The C calling convention is based heavily on the use of the hardware-supported stack. To understand
The x64 calling convention was able to get rid of vestigial pieces like calling convention options and nearly drop x87, but this bit of history sticks with us. There’s still more to talk about!
For information on calling conventions for x64 processors, see Calling Convention. Topics in this section. Argument Passing and Naming Conventions (__cdecl, __stdcall,
By adhering to proper stack alignment and allocating the necessary space, you can ensure consistent behavior and compatibility when making function calls in the x64 calling convention.
You can also see that IDA recognizes that this function uses the __fastcall calling convention. __fastcall is the default calling convention for Windows x64 Application Binary
Fast-call procedure calling conventions. First of all, this document is very helpful for understanding Microsoft calling conventions. In short, Microsoft uses ECX, EDX, R8, and R9 as the first four arguments for a procedure call and any
On 32-bit and 64-bit x86 targets, you can use an ABI attribute to indicate which calling convention should be used for a function. The ms_abi attribute tells the compiler to use the Microsoft ABI,
If its MASM x64, it does not use PUSH / CALL syntax. You have to get a couple of things right, correctly align the stack and write the arguments according to x64 FASTCALL
Windows primarily uses the __stdcall calling convention when calling Win32 APIs from 32-bit code. 64-bit differs; it uses the x64 Application Binary Interface (ABI). It is similar, but not to be confused with, the __fastcall calling convention.
What is the x86-64 calling convention by gcc? The calling convention of the System V AMD64 ABI is followed on GNU/ Linux. The registers RDI, RSI, RDX, RCX, R8, and R9 are used for integer and memory address
Accessing Function Arguments. In the GCC/x86 C calling convention, the first thing any function that accepts formal arguments should do is push the value of EBP (the frame base pointer of
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